Rhetorical Analysis Of Our Gas Guzzlers, Their Lives Essay

Simon Yang Tompkins English 101 9/24/15 Rough Draft: Rhetorical Analysis on â€Å"Our Gas Guzzlers, Their Lives† In his article â€Å"Our Gas Guzzlers, Their Lives† Nicholas Kristof writes about Africa, specifically the country of Burundi. Crop failure and water shortage are causing or will cause all sorts of major problems. These environmental changes are linked directly to us, and the greenhouse gases emitted through non eco-friendly vehicles. Using the rhetoric tools of ethos, pathos, and logos he clearly makes his case of how essential it is to stop or at least reduce the carbon emissions we produce. Kristof has strengths and flaws in all his rhetoric tools especially in his pathos, and his ethos which is damaged by the setup of the article. First of all, one of the most heavily used instruments in this article, pathos, is very effective, but certainly has its flaws. Every example about how the lives of the people in the poorest country in the world are being jeopardized by the gases that our cars produce is compelling. Kristof states, â€Å"†¦Changing weather patterns in recent years have already caused crop failures-and when the crops fail, people starve† (564). He has simplified the whole process of how the gases go from the cars to ultimately killing these people. It’s a very long process, but when he puts it this way, the effects of the cars seem to be killing off Burundi immediately. However, his pathos can be seen through at some points to be more of a guilt trip to stopShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis of Kristof792 Words   |  4 PagesBoyer-White 2/10/11 Rhetorical Analysis of Kristof Nicholas Kristof wrote a compelling article titled â€Å"Our Gas Guzzlers, Their Lives†. In the article he is arguing that wealthier country’s greenhouse gas emissions are severely damaging life in many African countries. In fact Charles Ehrhart, a Care staff member in Kenya, states, â€Å"The negative impact of the West’s carbon emissions will overwhelm the positive effects of aid† (Kristof 580). So although we are trying to aid, it is our lifestyles that are

Disadvantages Early Marriage Free Essays

Many people are marrying early these days. They would like to get into matrimony as soon as their courtship is over. Tying the knot is important to strengthen their relationship. We will write a custom essay sample on Disadvantages Early Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now They feel settling down in life early would help them set up their independent home. Whatever may be the advantages of settling down early in life, the fact remains there are problems to be faced if one gets into matrimony too quickly. Examples are: 1. Responsibility has to be shouldered at a very young age. One has to take on household responsibilities, child rearing responsibility etc. There is no adult to guide or help out. 2. Missing out on the fun of teenage life and being young. The drudgeries of married life can get to you. They deprive you of your youth. 3. Health also can get affected as early pregnancy can have a negative impact on overall health. 4. Breakdown of marriage is possible. Often the young couple is immature to shoulder major responsibility and end up fighting with each other. Adjustment problems may arise. 5. Education also gets affected. The young couple may not be able to pursue higher education as they have to take on the responsibilities of family budget. 6. Work opportunities are limited for the youngsters. Since their education levels are low, they cannot get highly paid jobs. 7. Bringing up children may be difficult. Their knowledge of child care may be limited and parental guidance is also not there. They may not be able to provide the appropriate care for their child. Marrying early may seem very romantic and convenient, but it has its problems. Couples need to get to know each other better and this takes time. Rushing into a marriage, which may not last long does not appear the right thing to do. In some countries, where child marriage is prevalent, efforts are on by respective Governments to dissuade such a practice. How to cite Disadvantages Early Marriage, Papers

Business Model Design Activity System Perspective

Question: Discuss about the Business Model Design for Activity System Perspective. Answer: Introduction: All focal firms commit themselves towards the provision of a blueprint and a way that can enable them to satisfy their customers as well as maximizing profits entirely. With that in mind, there is need to conceptualize a business model. In simple words, it is defined by a substance, a combination of rules defining behavior and administration of a deal designed so as to create value through the proper use of a commercial enterprise opportunity (Zott Amit, 2010). It is also a combination of different components which include the business system and a profit model. The system is designed for the production and delivery of goods and services from the enterprise while profit fashion is specifically geared towards the realization of the benefits from the sale of a product (Itami and Nishino, 2010). After identification of a business gap, the opportunity is taken advantage of, and a quality created to the involved parties as this is the primary goal of a business model. The figure below ill ustrates a simple version of the layout of the elements according to Itami and Nishino, 2010. Business models as systems are conceptualized in building block terms. Nine components describe this namely; customer segments, value propositions, channels, customer relationships, revenue streams, key resources, key activities, key partnerships and cost structure. (Baden-Fuller Mangematin, 2013). This is intuitively a simple method for portraying, envisaging, assessing and replacing the models. Conceptualization in a business model involves managers' technological and strategic identification of different activities which is quite a challenging task since the number of potential events is always significant. A three-phase research is conducted, the first one being the pre-understanding phase whose main objective is gathering any information concerning the primary and secondary data (Behrangrad, 2015). The second one is the model development phase which involves fine-tuning the collected data conceptualization in collaboration with participant firms, and finally, there is the interpretation phase during which the management approaches the final conclusions. Business models as systems are of great importance and thus they play a significant role in solving both static and dynamic problems. The static view of a business model puts into account the understanding of the latters distinct taxonomies and typologies. The business model, in this case, helps in hierarchically and typically identifying the most suitable approach that will yield maximum profits as well as advocate for the prevention of future problems (Chesbrough, 2010). Dynamic problems also known as the longitudinal problems of business models, arise as a result of poor capturing and lack of understanding of the impact of learning and the commands learning brings about business models. These templates as systems ensure that managers get a clear knowledge of the firm before actual conceptualization. It also helps in identification and determination of future underlying invisible assets for the company. Bearing in mind that the primary goal in a focal enterprise artwork is to make use fully and actually exploit the current market gap by creation of monetary gain for the parties involved, as well as satisfying the customers' wants and needs, different firms sharing similar objectives and ambitions come together and work towards adequate provision of goods and services and ensuring full satisfaction of their customers thus creating a strong bond that will enable them to outdo their competitors (Teece, 2010). A firm usually has to determine the sharing of power and the division of labor with its trading partners. This also enables customers to learn more about the companies' technologies and the modes of delivery while the firms get a chance to learn the reactions of their clients to different goods and services. Business models are mainly designed in such a way that they always prioritize technological advancements and innovation. They advocate for new business ideas to realize the maximum profits possible. Engagement with customers enables a firm to identify their needs and thus looks forward to innovative mechanisms that will match the demand and supply of goods and services. In other words, to fully satisfy their customers. Technological innovation is viewed as activities where the enterprise fashion focuses on identifying the users and the customers and indicating whether the latter pay for what they use or is it paid for by other clients (Teece, 2010). E.g. In the case of television, the users don't exactly pay for the services, but they are instead paid for by others such as the advertisers. According to Zott Amits (2010), a simple definition of this business artwork is given as portraying a matter, form, and administration of business activities made with the aim of creating a quality via thorough exhaustion of the available commercial enterprise opportunities. Each business choice approached by the management involves a fundamentally distinct business model due to the implication of different set of activities, the potential to perform them and the resources available. A business model is aimed at benefiting all the involved participants by ensuring total value creation. Zott and Amits (2010) noted that the primary goal of a focal firm enterprise model is to fully make use of the available commercial gaps and opportunities by the enhancement of quality for the involved parties. The business model encourages entrepreneurial managers to plan their future design, helps them in analyzing and enables them to improve their current models for them to be futuristic. They gave an example of FriCSo, an upcoming engineering company which has applied a friction reduction technology thus achieving significantly in a technological breakthrough. There are always many options to weigh to make maximum profits and minimize the costs of production (Saebi Foss, 2015). FriCSo came up with this idea after discovering that there was clear and mass applicability to the products due to serious industrial applications which involved moving parts such as manufacturing machines and ship building. After choosing the target industry, they came up with the best kind of company that could fully commercialize the intellectual properties. Each choice an entrepreneur makes will always have its connections for the businesses potential of performance (Neubauer Lank, 2016). A business model emphasizes on the best model that a firm should adopt for it to match itself with the existing forms of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). According to Itami and Nishino (2010), business models are made of two elements which include a profit model and a business system. Itami and Nishino, (2010) argues that the profit oriented model is highly recognized and profiled because companies operate with a primary goal of maximizing wealth and profits. They further postulated that these two business model elements cannot work if applied at the same time in one company and this means that businesses should adopt the most viable model as per the market needs and corporate company goals. The internal and external operations of a firm are determined by the market systems and the profit model of the enterprise, and therefore managers should be sensitive in choosing either in the two. Application of one model assists in the easy management of company objectives as well as their achievements. Kodama's (2009) article Boundaries Innovation and Knowledge Integration in the Japanese Firm' has inspired and helped me understand business models. With a very simple example, the article explains how and why Japanese companies applied new leadership models in high-tech fields. Many countries such as South Korea learned the development and better techniques of production from the Japanese. In simple terms, one only needs to come up with the different business idea and implement the most suitable business model to make their business dreams a reality. To my understanding, a business model is the determinant factor in the success of every business. Zott and Amit (2010) article Business Model Design: with the view of a business model in an Activity System Perspective has effectively contributed to my understanding of a business model. With the simple view of an enterprise artwork or fashion (business model) as portraying the substance, combination of rules defining a behavior, and administration of a deal designed so as to create value through the proper use of the available opportunities, they have enabled me to understand that an enterprise model is a combination of occurrences which a business set up performs, how and when it delivers them (Crane Matten, 2016). It is also straightforward and precise that a business model may be understood as the nature of goods and services a firm provides to its customers, and the activities performed to deliver such services. I other words, it is clearly evident that a business enterprise system is a vital instrument in a firm which is viewed as a physical object that manifests how a company undertakes its commercial activities and how its stakeholders timely and adequately acquire the services. A good business model represents physically the possibilities of more and future theoretical development which is separate from non-essential matters. What makes different firms not to be equal in performance is only that they think differently and have different perceptions towards the business activities that determine the vertical value chain. References Amit, R., Zott, C. (2012). Creating value through business model innovation.MIT Sloan Management Review,53(3), 41. Baden-Fuller, C., Mangematin, V. (2013). Business models: A challenging agenda.Strategic Organization,11(4), 418-427. Behrangrad, M. (2015). A review of demand side management business models in the electricity market.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,47, 270-283. Chesbrough, H. (2010). Business model innovation: opportunities and barriers.Long range planning,43(2), 354-363. Chesbrough, H. (2013).Open business models: How to thrive in the new innovation landscape. Harvard Business Press. Crane, A., Matten, D. (2016).Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Itami, H. (2010). Killing Two Birds with One Stone: Profit for Now and Learning for the Future. https://www.elsevier.com/locate/lrp, page 364-369. Mitsuru, Kodama, (2009). Boundaries Innovation and Knowledge Integration in the Japanese Firm Neubauer, F., Lank, A. G. (2016).The family business: Its governance for sustainability. Springer. Saebi, T., Foss, N. J. (2015). Business models for open innovation: Matching heterogeneous open innovation strategies with business model dimensions.European Management Journal,33(3), 201-213. Teece, D. J. (2010). Business models, business strategy, and innovation.Long range planning,43(2), 172-194. Zott, C., Amit, R. (2010). Business Model Design: An Activity System Perspective. Journal of Management, 216-226

Safety And Security And The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Example

Safety And Security And The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Paper Introduction and Background of the Study Safety and security plays a large function in this century. Everyone is refering about their safety and security when they are remaining in the hotel during holiday. In the world-wide hotel industry, the direction excessively concern about safety and security issues refering on their invitees and employees. In the cordial reception industry, they are proud of themselves because they are known friendly to everyone in such manner of attitude in welcoming their clients or invitees. Therefore, they should pattern and keep the construct of a home-from-home with their open-door attack with comfort, convenience and privateness to their invitees ( Gill, Moon, Seaman A ; Turbin, 2002 ) . After the catastrophes such as terrorist onslaught at Luxor Egypt in 1992 and 1993, 852 riders died on the shipwreck of Estonia in Baltic Sea on 28th September 1994, Iraq war panic onslaught of September 11, 2001 in New York, United States, the SARS epidemic in 2003, Tsunami catastrophe on 26th December 2004 in Thailand and Bali bombardments, the demand for safety and security around the universe is turning and the subject of safety and security has become a popular treatment among the people in the universe. Besides, most of the hotels have now implemented a safety and security program every bit good as quality program such as supplying preparation for the employees and invitee s safety and security ( Steene, 2009, Lockyer, 2007 and Helena A ; Natasa, 2010 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Safety And Security And The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Safety And Security And The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Safety And Security And The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The hotel direction has separated the hotel safety into two wide classs which are safety and security. The direction categorized safety as in the services provided, besides included the building of the hotel inside designed whereby doing certain they are safe built for the employees to work in and in-house invitees. However, security in hotel related to menaces that set by people than puting by the physical milieus, which means it depends on the individual who set the security danger that can non be predict ( Policy Department, 2008 ) . Based on Enz ( 2009 ) personal definition on safety and security, she defined safety as protecting invitee s safety, while maintaining invitees belongings safe will be included in the security definition. In other words, harmonizing to Enz and Masako ( 2002 ) , safety involves in protecting employees and invitees while in the hotel country from serious injured and decease. In footings of safety, it can be farther categorized by assorted facets such as fire safety and others facets of hotel safety. As for hotel safety, it includes nutrient safety, swimming pool safety and non burying the hotel s belongings safety such as offense safety ( Policy Department, 2008 ) . Problem Statements Training safety and security steps is of import to the cordial reception industry whereby without the of import of steps, the cordial reception and tourim industry will non hold roar so fast. This is because everyone take their life every bit cherished as gold. Unfortunately nowaday, hotels merely used of the tecnology safety and security system to protect their guest. They should hold besides used of developing method and processs to develop their employees and educate invitee as a safeguards for accidents to go on. Morever, the cordial reception should be more concern on which aspects that will hold a high rate of accidents go on in the day-to-day rountine. However, why preparation is important for the cordial reception industry to look upon on? What are the ways that the cordial reception industry able to utilize to develop their employees and invitees to maintain safe from danger? Which aspects must they refer on? Research Aims The purpose of this research is done to find employee safety and security preparation and instruction for invitees do helps to minimise the safety and security issues in the cordial reception industry. This research is carried out to accomplish several aims in the undermentioned below: To find the importance of preparation safety and security. To find the ways that the hotels implement to develop their employees and educate invitees on safety and security to experience secure and comfy piece in the hotel. To place the factors that the hotels will look into concern and train employees and educate invitee to forestall these issues to go on. Research Questions This survey is attempted answer the research inquiries in the undermentioned below: Why it is importance of preparation safety and security? What are the ways that the hotel implements to develop their employees and educate their invitees on the safety and security? What are the factors that the hotels will look into concern and train employees and educate invitee to forestall these issues to go on? Hypothesis Statement The hypothesis in this research will be done based on the value of the population which the hypothesis statement will be related to the importance of preparation safety and security does lower the per centum of safety and security issues. In this hypothesis research, the writer has used a statement which will give less bad consequence on the consequence. Ho = There is no significance between the importance of preparation safety and security will take down the per centum of safety and security and have no consequence on safety and security issues. H1 = There is a significance between the importance of preparation safety and security will take down the per centum of safety and security and have no consequence on safety and security issues. Theoretical and Conceptual Model The importance of preparation safety and security on employees and invitees Importance of preparation safety and security Training the employees on safety and security Wayss and factors to refer on Fire safety Accident and private safety Educating invitees on safety and security Crime safety and security Figure 1.1 A conceptual model on the importance of preparation safety and security on employees and invitees in the hotel industry. Basically the above figure shows about this research will be concentrating on several facts and facts such as the facets that the hotel should be more concerned on by implementing ways to protect them. Before the writer determined the facets and ways on protecting the employees and invitee s safety, the writer would wish to explicate on the importance of preparation safety and security on employees and invitees and non merely trusting on the safety and security characteristics such as CCTV and others more. As for the facets for the hotel to be concerned on will be the fire safety, accident and private safety and offense safety and security. These facets should be concerned on because they will go on in our day-to-day life. Fire is a phenomena facet which we can non foretell to go on, therefore it is of import for the cordial reception to develop the employees and invitees on ways to get the better of it when it happens. As for accidents and private safety, if the employees and guest are teach to forestall them to go on, the rate of accidents will be lower down. For illustration, housekeepers should be trained in a right manner to clean the room with safety steps. Crime happens about every twenty-four hours in our life, therefore the hotel should besides take in safeguards even though there are security constabulary and officers. For illustration, the hotel needs to develop employees on ways to non fall into the condemnable traps when they suspected leery people inquiring in the hotels. Significance of the Study Training employees and educate in-house invitees in order to maintain themselves safe and secure is a really of import elements in the cordial reception and touristry industry presents. With the preparation of safety and security, they will make the employees and invitee s satisfaction where they will experience safe merely like they are in their ain house. In the average clip, it will besides increase the attending from the foreigners and travellers if they know the hotel manage good in safety and security affairs, therefore this will convey benefits to the hotel when they need more work force and increase the economic system and position of the hotel. The writer had recognized the types of preparation methods for employees and invitees to follow to get the better of the negative factors which will do them experience safer while being in the hotel at anytime and anyplace. Furthermore, the effects of these method used will minimise the safety and security issues. This research will assist the organisations in the cordial reception industry to understand the intent of developing safety and security will profit the employees and travellers. This will besides profit the hotel as they pattern and using on the employees and invitees to pull off and better the safety and security steps. Scope and Restriction Basically, this research is chiefly concentrating on the method that the hotel s direction uses to develop their employees and educates their in-house invitees in order to maintain them safe and secure, besides help to cut down negative issues that will go on in the hotel and the surrounding. Hotels maintain them safe and secure in footings of avoiding hurts and decease on the employees and invitees when there are accidents, offense and fire. However, there are several restrictions related to this survey have occurred in order to finish this research successfully. First, it will be the handiness to seek for secondary informations, the electronic beginnings. The writer has faced some troubles in seeking extra information and electronic articles and diaries from the web sites that related to developing safety and security for employees and educating invitees when being in the hotel. Even though, the several college university has provided several beginnings for the writer like academic web sites but there are still lack of beginnings for the writer to roll up more information because some of the diaries and information demand to be purchased before consume. Furthermore, the writer had faced some challenges because of missing experience and cognition in carry oning a proposal. It is a great challenge when the writer does non hold sufficient experience and the accomplishments to roll up strong and good informations for this r esearch. Chapter TWO LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction In this chapter, it will contains the determination of the writers had done research sing on the of import of developing the employees and educate the invitees, besides several ways to develop the employees and educate invitees to maintain safe while they are in the hotel. Besides, it will besides include the factors where the hotel will be more concern on and avoid hurts happened. As for the old research worker s findings and theories, they will be used as back uping information besides guaranting that the methods and factors will be concentrating on will assist in this research. Furthermore, all information and information that have been gathered for this research are from assorted secondary informations beginnings such as electronic articles and diaries. 2.2 Importance of preparation for safety and security The word preparation is means by giving a individual the existent and adequate information to him or her needed in order to work safely. It is non important that developing demand to hold a formal category session or seminars and classs for the employees to go to. In this coevals, there are assorted facets that make the hotel successful whereby these facets are wellness, safety and sustainability of the attractive forces concern ( Williams 2008 ) . Harmonizing to Pitt ( 2007 ) , in United Kingdom, there are about more than 30 million of working yearss lost in each twelvemonth due to employee s wellness illness and seven million are because of employee injured in the on the job topographic point. Every twelvemonth, there are more than a million of employees enduring from bully while working by their ain co-workers or public. Therefore, in order to cut down the figure of workplace hurt and others factors, developing employees and invitees to maintain themselves safe while working and remaining in the hotel are important. Based on the research by Health and Safety in the Catering Industry Liaison Committee, there is a legal jurisprudence to supply information and preparation sing to wellness and safety facets to all employees who are needed ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hse.gov.uk ) . 2.3 Training employees Weitze ( 2008 ) noted that if the hotel direction is missing of employees developing, deficiency of keeping the policies and processs and in conclusion missing of bar, these will all take to a safety related incident. Therefore, it is of import to develop the employees from the hotel itself foremost earlier to educate the invitees. Furthermore, the staffs of Shangri-la Hotel are the first people who will interact with the invitees once they step into the hotel. It does non count they are from which section of the hotel, as long they are Shangri-la Hotel employees such as bell male child, front desk staffs, housekeepers and more, the employees are responsible to make a civilization of safety and professionalism to maintain themselves safe and maintaining the guest safety and security every bit good ( Kwiecinski, 2010 ) . Therefore, it is important for the direction to develop every employee to be able to confront to confront in any accidents such as fire, constabulary and other exigency services people so that they may assist out if that is a demand ( William, 2008 ) . Based on a wellness and safety director, Duncan Aspin, he had stated that directors need to determine up wellness and safety preparation policy for guaranting every employee have sufficient preparation on safety and security issues to cut down acc ident ( Mottram, 2005 ) . For an illustration, harmonizing to Mottram ( 2005 ) , supplying plan sing on staff development and safety preparation has given a manus to North-West division of Birse Civil to accomplish zero percent accident rate, which is besides the top 1 company in UK as building industry for safety. Therefore, developing employees non merely will assist to salvage their lives but besides assist Shangri-la Hotel to lift up hotel position. 2.4 Educating invitees Besides Shangri-la Hotel develop their employees to maintain themselves safe and implementing safety and security characteristics for the guest safety, it is besides of import for them to develop their in-house invitees to take attention of themselves every bit good. In general, everyone who travels around and look for adjustments would anticipate they will be safe and their belongings will be unafraid go forthing them in the hotel while they are out for travel. However, sometimes it is difficult to foretell that invitee will be safe by merely depending on the hotel s safety and security characteristics, therefore the invitees should besides larn how to protect themselves off from offenses, accidents and fire. Harmonizing to the research by Mottram ( 2005 ) , in the twelvemonth of 2003, 80 people who include the invitees and employees of Birse Civils have attended the safety direction and classs. In consequence, the company has recorded as nothing accidents occur within the company country. 2.5 Ways and factors that will be concerned on 2.5.1 Fire Safety Fire accident is an accident whereby we can non foretell when to go on and when non to go on. Even if there is a fire, the invitees might non cognize how to manage because they are non cognizant of it. Therefore, the hotel direction should take safeguards on managing the safety of their employees and invitees. For illustration, sometimes foreign in-house invitees might hold slow respond to the emptying alarms when it rings because they do non hold an understanding state of affairs in the local hotel ( Roberts A ; Chan, 2000 ) . Harmonizing to Helena A ; Natasa ( 2010 ) , in order to protect guest safety, the direction of the hotel needs to educate invitee by supplying instructions, labels and reminders which related to fire bars. The intent of implement this so that invitees will non be panic and nervous when there is fire accident, in fact they will remain unagitated and cognize the manner to go forth the hotel edifice safely. Throughout the research, as for the fire safeguards to protect the invitee and employees safety, Shareton Hotel did the best in developing their employees to manage fire incident in order to salvage their life and the guest life excessively. They provide full initiation and preparation for all hotel staffs on working safe processs and responses which relate to fire. Besides, new forces will be trained to utilize types of asphyxiators and taught them ways to manage when the hotel is on fire ( Roberts A ; Chan, 2000 ) . 2.5.2 Accidents and Private Safety In the Occupational Safety and Health Act ( OSHA ) , it has stated in 1970 that each working people either adult male or adult female in the state demand to hold a safe and healthful working conditions which besides means that without holding any hurts during the on the job period ( Hobson, 1996 ) . In the cordial reception industry, it is of import for the hotelkeepers to look into this facet because accident can go on in the hotel easy at anytime and anyplace on the employees and invitees. In the research by Mottram ( 2005 ) , the company of Birse Civils does supply developing to their employees which included first-aid preparation. This preparation is to guarantee that their employees are qualified to the Health and Safety Regulation 1981, which need four yearss developing at St John Ambulance premises. Therefore, as for all cordial reception industry, the direction should supply developing like this as a protection to their employees and invitees safety. In add-on, in certain clip, housekeeping section has a high per centum of doing accidents when the housekeepers do non handled unsafe chemicals in a proper manner and practising unhealthy airss while cleaning the suites. Due to they are covering with unsafe risky chemicals which will impact their wellness and life, safety and security preparation and orientation are of import and should be pattern in the housework section even though the housekeepers did non manage any machinery. As an illustration, Wyswert hotel does supply preparation and information for the housekeepers on what they are supposed and non supposed to make ( Kristanti A ; Kuhn, 2005 ) . However, sometimes it is a portion of the employee s occupations to protect the in-house invitee s safety. Leong ( 2000 ) has stated that the full employees need to be trained so that they know about the security processs to follow on which will be helpful for the invitees. Therefore, developing employees is of import particularly when the forepart desks agent is covering with the reaching invitee s room key. Harmonizing to Kristanti A ; Kuhn ( 2005 ) and Woods, Ninemeier, Hayes A ; Austin ( 2007 ) , they have mentioned that forepart desk agents are non allowed to give out keys, room Numberss, messages and mail to anyone from the petitioner without the proprietor s of the room existent individuality. Besides, during the procedure when the forepart desk agent passes the room key to the invitee, they should non denote the invitee s room figure out in the populace. In add-on, eating house staffs besides play a function in maintaining the invitees safety and security whereby they need to maintain their clients belongings in secure when they are holding their repasts in the several eating house. The eating house director needs to develop the waiter to be more qui vive on the client properties ( Kristanti A ; Kuhn, 2005 ) . 2.5.3 Crime Safety and Security Presents, violent offense in the workplace has become a universe issue that everyone will concern. Therefore, it is now has become a job to the cordial reception industry that they will be confronting and this job is increasing in other states ( Hobson, 1996 ) . After the incident of a popular vocalist was raped with a knife pointed at her in Long Island motel, the issues of security become a serious issue to all hotels in the United States ( Leong, 2000 ) . Therefore, hotels have aware of offense issues and security system and get down practising offense direction ( Gill, Moon, Seaman A ; Turbin, 2002 ) . Crime in the workplace has by and large separated into different classs such as robbery and other commercial offenses, employer or other employee direct state of affairss and terrorist act. In order to minimise the rate of force offense in the cordial reception industry, the direction can beef up the director and supervisors security accomplishments and ways to utilize first AIDSs. It is of import for both of them to be expert in pull offing these securities because they are the one will manage the jobs when there is a job. For illustration of a instance that happened in Pasadena, Texas in 1977, the trough of the hotel did non assist the victim because of lacking of security cognition ( Hobson, 1996 ) . Besides developing the higher degree of direction, developing the front line employees is needed excessively so that they will hold the cognition on managing it. The direction of the hotel can give preparation such as smile preparation which known as do nt look them in the eyes developing to learn the employees so that they will be more prepare and composure when there is a state of affairs occur. A clear and apprehensible direction should be given in order to avoid contending when there is a robbery ( Hobson, 1996 ) . Under the research that has been done by Shellum ( 2002 ) , several hotels have taken action to beef up the security issues. They have improved their security-guards preparation and so measure them by criterion operating processs so that it is changeless. Research has shown that consciousness is the most of import tools in order to take attention of safety, therefore the illustration of the hotel has done show the right manner of developing the employees ( Helena A ; Natasa, 2010 ) . Therefore, they have increased the staff-awareness by giving them more training alternatively of engaging security guards ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hotelasiapacific.com ) . Chapter THREE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction In this chapter, the writer will be depicting about the research methodological analysis which will be utilizing to roll up informations for this research and seeing how the informations will make the research aims. With the used of this research methodological analysis by following the construction of guidelines, it will assist the writer to roll up dependable and trustable consequences for the research. In order to prove the consequences for this research, qualitative and quantitative methods will be used as a support with one another and the result of the consequences will be accurate in this research. 3.2 Research Design Qualitative methods is used for this research whereby it will be rely more upon interviews Sessionss and some instance surveies research covering with some little Numberss of people. The writer will roll up the informations and information by aiming to interview the people in Shangri-la Hotel on how they train their staffs and invitees to maintain themselves safe while being in the hotel. The writer would be after to interview the directors based on one on one footing so that more information included ain sentiments and ideas will be given by themselves. The interview questionnaire will be set and inquire based on the related inquiries stated in Chapter 1. The advancement of making interview session with the respondent will fundamentally get down with making the interview questionnaires and books that have related to this research. After the advancement of fixing the questionnaire that will be asked to the respondent, puting and carry oning a direct trial stairss will be taken for the interview session. After all, the last subdivision of the procedure will be the writer interview the respondent in one on one footing. Quantitative method is another portion of research methodological analysis that will be used to roll up information from the respondent. This research method will hold less interview Sessionss and observation. However, it is more towards on the aggregations of the informations and analyzes the numerical informations and statistic. For this research, study technique will be used by making a study questionnaire for the respondent, which is the invitee in Shangri-la Hotel. This is done in order for the writer to hold more apprehension on this research. 3.3 Data Collection In this research, there are two types of informations collected that has been used for this survey which are the primary informations and secondary informations. The combination of these two informations aggregation may be utile and able to demo accurate consequences which will assist the writer to make for this research. 3.3.1 Primary Data In this research, primary informations is of import for the research workers to roll up informations because the information that collected is direct from the respondent itself. Therefore, it will be much more accurate. However, this method that will be used requires more clip, cost and energy to finish. Therefore, the writer needs to pass more attempt in order to roll up great information and information. The primary informations for this research will be roll uping through one on one interview and questionnaire study. First, the writer will be merely aim the director of each section in Shangri-la Hotel to roll up information and information which relate to this research. The respondent that will be interviewed will be at least at the director degree ; hence the consequences taken will be more utile and dependable. The interview questionnaire will be asked will more base on the ways and the factors of safety and security issues will be concentrating on. The intent of utilizing interview method is because information that given will be more in deepness and interviewer able to inquire more personal inquiry in order to garner excess information. Besides, it is possible for the interviewer to enter down the conversation during interview session as mentions and cogent evidence with the permission O.K. from the interviewees. 3.3.2 Secondary Data Secondary informations are informations that have gathered and done by old research workers and now go the demands for the current research worker. Besides, secondary informations can be known as ready speedy beginnings with strong facts and grounds. Secondary informations includes books, diaries, articles, intelligence and others more. As for this research, the secondary informations will be more trusting on the electronic diaries and less on academic text editions. The information collected will be used more on cyberspace beginnings because it is easy to garner valuable informations which have done by person else antecedently. Electronic diaries articles that used to happen relevant articles and diaries as a support for some facts in this research are from the database of EBSCOhost from KDU e-library web sites, Emerald from USCI library web site and Google Scholar. All information that collected from these three web sites is cogency, truth besides free for prejudice. In add-on, the writer will borrow some books for excess information which relate to the research making from the library of KDU University College at Petaling Jaya campus. 3.4 Sampling Design 3.4.1 Sampling Technique The writer would take non-probability sampling as a tool to take the respondent for this research survey. The writer will be interviewed the directors of Shangri-la Hotel through quota sampling to acquire information. However, quota sampling will non be a helpful tool for the writer to make this research because non everyone is selected to be interviewed, therefore convenience sampling will be usage in study questionnaire. The questionnaire will be distributed to the targeted respondents who are willing to reply the inquiries unfeignedly. With the usage of this method, it gives the writer to hold big figure of full complete questionnaires fast and cheap which help the writer to salvage cost. 3.4.2 Sampling Frame In this research, the hotel that the writer choose to make on research is Shangri-la Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, therefore the writer will merely aim the respondents who are the invitees who stays in Shangri-la Hotel regardless of gender or races for the convenient trying. As for the quota sampling, the writer will merely choose people who have a high degree of direction to interview.

Research CSS (level 1) vs. CSS3 Essay Essays

Research CSS (level 1) vs. CSS3 Essay Essays Research CSS (level 1) vs. CSS3 Essay Paper Research CSS (level 1) vs. CSS3 Essay Paper The latest version of CSS is the CSS3 version which fundamentally differs from CSS2 in the incorporation of Modules and other alterations. Modules enable the designing to be done in a lesser clip with more easiness while updating single characteristics and specifications. The CSS3 version supports many more browsers than CSS2. but make certain it works on all operating systems and browsers. Other major alterations include CSS Selectors which CSS2 had simple pickers and the new version calls the constituents as a sequence of simple pickers. Pseudo elements because many Pseudo elements have been added that allow in-depth yet easy styling. Besides a new convention of dual colons ‘ : :’ has been introduced. Style belongingss let multiple background images be layered in the box utilizing different elements like background image place and repetition. Border manner is the styling of boundary lines that extended to images and rounded designs which includes making image of the boundary lines and so automatically use image to the boundary lines through CSS. Additions in Properties include border-radius. image-source. image-slice. and the values for width beginning and stretch have been added in CSS3. It besides features belongingss for pull offing boxes like shadowing. wrapper and breakage have been added. The best portion of CSS3 is that it has done away with complex constructions for div ticket and makes it easy for hassle free designing of multiple table-less columns. This can be merely done by seting in the figure of columns in the browser that need to be added in the organic structure component along with their breadth. colour and tallness to do the text flow through the columns with easiness.

Using “Etcetera” in Academic Writing Blog at EssaySupply.com

Using â€Å"Etcetera† in Academic Writing Blog Using â€Å"Etcetera† in Academic Writing You probably know it better as â€Å"etc.† you have read things that have used it; you have probably said it yourself. You may or may not have used it in your own assignment writing, but chances are you may not be using it correctly. One of the reasons is that how to use etc. is not taught in English grammar and composition classes. But if you plan on using etcetera in academic writing, you will need to understand the rules. And that what this article is all about. So here goes. The term â€Å"et cetera† actually comes from Latin, and it means â€Å"so forth† or â€Å"and other similar things.† And using etcetera in academic writing is perfectly fine, as long as you do it right. How to Use Etc. in Lists of Things In this case, you will want to know how to use etc. at the end of a sentence and, as well, how do you use etc. in a sentence, when there is more that follows it. The important point in using etc. at the end of a list is that all things in the list must be related. Here are some examples of both situations: They can live in any body of fresh water – creeks, ponds, lakes, etc. That literature class covers fiction, non-fiction, short stories, novels, poetry, etc. We were asked to describe the emotion (anger, fear, joy, etc.) we felt when we viewed the photography. Bring any small items that may be of value - coins, stamps, jewelry, etc. to the appraiser on Thursday morning. Note that all of the items in the lists are related. Another important point in how to use etc. in a sentence is punctuation. Because it is an abbreviation, you must place a period at the end of it, no matter where it may appear. You don’t need a period if you spell it out, but be sure your spelling is correct. Excetera, etcetra, and exedra are common mis-spellings, so get it right. In the 4th example, note also that there was a dash before the list, rather than a term like â€Å"such as.† If you use â€Å"such as,† you do not need to use â€Å"etc.† because the meaning is already clear. Don’t Use Etc. More Than Once in a Sentence While using several â€Å"etc.’s† in speaking or in informal writing is often used for emphasis, using etc. in academic writing is far different. You can say to a friend, â€Å"I have to get to the grocery store, a doctor’s appointment  and my haircut appointment, write my essays before the deadline runs out, etc., etc., etc., before I can get back to home and start cleaning,† is common informal language. But in formal writing, only one â€Å"etc.† is â€Å"allowed.† Etc., How to Use When Referring to People This rule is simple. Never, never, never use etc. when referring to people. â€Å"We studied the works of Shakespeare, Milton, etc. in our English lit class,† is not acceptable. Either name them all or come up with some other term, like, â€Å"We studied all of the most famous authors in our English literature course.† Never Use â€Å"And† before â€Å"Etc.† The word â€Å"and† already implies what â€Å"etc.† means, and using it is just redundant. So, you can say, â€Å"The courses covered all of the major forms of government, including democracy, fascism, communism, monarchy, etc.,† or you can say, â€Å"The course covered all of the major forms of government, including democracy, fascism, communism, monarchy, and others.† Etc. How to Use Correct Punctuation This rule is quite simple. If you use â€Å"etc.† in the middle of a sentence, and it is not enclosed in parentheses, then you must use a comma after the abbreviation. If it is in parentheses in the middle of a sentence or at the end of a sentence, no comma is needed. Examples: Joe and I stuffed ourselves on pizza, beer, pork rinds, candy bars, etc., and we really felt it the next day. After finals were over, Joe and I stuffed ourselves on pizza, beer, pork rinds, candy bars, etc. After finals, Joe and I stuffed ourselves with every bit of junk we could find (pizza, beer, pork rinds, candy bars, etc.). Using Additional Punctuation after â€Å"Etc† Remember, â€Å"etc.† is an abbreviation, and abbreviations call for periods after them. This doesn’t mean that you don’t use any other punctuation after that period. Use all of the regular punctuation that you would if that â€Å"etc.† were just another word – question marks, exclamation points, semis: Are you going to bring the paper supplies, like plates, cups, napkins, etc.? I hate proofreading my essays, papers, etc.! We are not going to get anxious about these finals; we are not going to lose sleep, eat junk, etc.; and we are not going to go in with a defeatist attitude. In General You will not find the use of â€Å"etc.† rampant in academic writing. That is because scholarly research and writing is usually very specific and detailed and does not rely on the reader to â€Å"add† things on his own. Oh, yes, you can use it, certainly, in essays you may write for an English course. But use it sparingly in research works.

The Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations Assignment

The Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations - Assignment Example The researcher states that Pitney Bowes believed that when the employees are healthy, there will be less time spent outside work when the employee is out there looking for health care or attending to doctor appointments. Because of this realization, it decided to increase the number of funds that are allocated for the employee healthcare management with the aim of reducing the overall overhead cost that is incurred when the employee is away from work due to health issues. At Pitney Bowes, the employee health management strategy is basically made up of four components. The first component is the heavy investment in the employee health management staff. The firm has spent a fortune in the employee management staff. The second component is the use of data to shapes its plan, benefits, and programs. The organization relies on healthcare data to be able to come up with plans, benefits, and programs which will effectively serve the intended purpose. The third component is the focus on prev entive care. Preventing the health-related issues is cheaper than curing the conditions. The firm strives to prevent the conditions before they occur. The fourth and final component of this strategy is offering choices and flexibility. This has gone a long way in ensuring the intended goals of the plans are achieved. The management at Pitney Bowes has taken an aggressive approach when it comes to health management. The main objective has been the reduction of cost while at the same time improving outcomes. Data over the years appears to show the effectiveness of the strategy that has been used by this firm. It has enabled them to reduce the cost associated with treating employees and also eliminating expenses that are incurred due to absenteeism from work. This has therefore positively added value to the firm. As indicated earlier, the health plan selection and plan design are based on four main components which are heavy investment in staff, focus on preventive care, use of data to influence design and flexibility. Pitney Bowes believes that the upfront investment in the analysis of the plan design is much more offset by the overall healthcare cost. It utilizes large health employee management staff coupled with a data-driven approach to effectively offering the required and effective health management, design plan.

Mommy Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mommy - Movie Review Example It seemed to me very bright and significant as it showed crucial points and change of roles that took place several times, making both the mother and the son victims – and then aggressors. But when I saw this scene when Diane recalls all the sweet and sad memories, I found it even more powerful. It touched really deep feelings. This scene takes place after the sweet time they had together. It was very rare as they had merely bad times and quarrels, problems with bad behavior and its consequences. This following scene adds even more â€Å"bitterness† – because Diane realizes she has to give her son away as he needs help. All this happens after Steve cut his veins right in the supermarket. She just cannot manage to deal with it. The sequence is a kind of catharsis of the film. It seems very sweet – and exactly this makes it really tragic. Diane dreamt of life success and happiness for her son – though she realizes the way she sees it is impossible. She sees him as a glad graduate, and then she dreams he is in love with a wonderful girl, whom he will marry and all they will live happily ever after. It is very tender when Diane recalls her son as a small baby on her hands. All the scenes are filled with words from her memories – words by Steve, Kyla and herself. Crucial is the moment of change of the appearance of the son. He stands after the rain and at the moment he is shouting he is free, we see he is another person, who just looks like real Steve. Here we see the sad truth that Diane really would like to have another son. She realizes her dreams will not come true. This scene is a kind of sincere revealing them and saying farewell to this future they wouldn’t have had anyway. The character Kyla is very important – as it is opposite to Diane’s image. She is kind and nice mother, humble and caring. She also influenced on Steve significantly. In the end of the film when she has to leave due to her husband’s

Walt Whitman Essay Example for Free

Walt Whitman Essay Walt Whitman is one of America’s most popular and most influential poets. The first edition of Whitman’s well-known Leaves of Grass first appeared in July of the poet’s thirty-sixth year. A subsequent edition of Leaves of Grass (of which there were many) incorporated a collection of Whitman’s poems that had been offered readers in 1865. The sequence added for the 1867 edition was Drum-Taps, which poetically recounts the author’s experiences of the American Civil War. Walt Whitman was born May 31, 1819, in West Hills, Long Island. His early years included much contact with words and writing; he worked as an office boy as a pre-teen, then later as a printer, journalist, and, briefly, a teacher, returning eventually to his first love and life’s work—writing. Despite the lack of extensive formal education, Whitman experienced literature, reading voraciously from the literary classics and the Bible, and was deeply influenced by Goethe, Carlyle, Emerson, and Sir Walter Scott (Introduction vii). Whitman was drawn to the nations capital roughly a year after the Civil War began, at the age of forty-three. The wounding of his brother, George Washington Whitman, who served in the Union Army, precipitated his contact with the carnage of the war. Reading the notice of his brother’s injury in the New York Herald, Whitman went immediately to Falmouth, Virginia, where he found his brotherly only slightly wounded. Perpetually short-handed, Army officials asked the poet to help transport injured soldiers to field hospitals in Washington. Whitman agreed, and began a mission of mercy that would occupy him from 1862 until the war’s end in 1865 (Murray). Drum-Taps is the personal-historical record of Whitman’s wartime occupation. Drum-Taps’ early poems were written prior to Whitman’s contact with wounded soldiers, and betray a starkly different attitude toward the war than one finds later in the sequence. The chronologically earlier poems celebrate the coming hostilities, expressing Whitman’s early near-mindless jingoism (Norton 2130). As one progresses through the work, he finds a less energetic, sorrowful, jaded narrator who seems little like the exuberant youth who began. Understandable so, [Whitman] estimated that over the  course of the war, he had made ‘over 600 visits or tours, and went †¦ among from some 80,000 to 100,000 of the wounded and sick, as sustainer of spirit and body in some degree, in time of need’ (Murray). What follows is a contemporaneous review of his work that speaks of the esteem that much of the world extended Whitman as patriot and poet of Drum-Taps: New York Times, 22 November 1865, p. 4. Mr. Whitman has strong aspirations toward poetry, but he is wanting entirely in the qualities that Praed possessed in such large measure. He has no ear, no sense of the melody of verse. His poems only differ from prose in the lines being cut into length, instead of continuously pointed. As prose, they must be gauged by the sense they contain, the mechanism of verse being either despised by, or out of the reach of the writer. Considered as prose, then, we find in them a poverty of thought, paraded forth with a hubbub of stray words, and accompanied with a vehement self-assertion in the author that betrays an absence of true and calm confidence in himself and his impulses. Mr. Whitman has fortunately better claims on the gratitude of his countrymen than any he will ever derive from his vocation as a poet. What a man does, is of far greater consequence than what he says or prints, and his devotion to the most painful of duties in the hospitals at Washington during the war, will confer h onor on his memory when Leaves of Grass are withered and Drum Taps have ceased to vibrate. (New York) Timely assessments of Whitman’s Drum-Taps largely concur with the Times. Whitman shared their outlooks; Whitman himself thought not of Drum-Taps as particularly literary, but human, [poetry with] no dress put on anywhere to complicate or beautify it (Lowenfels x). The most celebrated poem of the sequence comes near the end, in what is a sequel to the original collection of war poems and the events that provoked them. That sequel, Memories of President Lincoln, delayed the publication of Drum-Taps, and includes his masterpiece of the 1860s, When Lilacs Last on  the Dooryard Bloomed (Walt 2130), as well as the much celebrated and anthologized, O Captain, My Captain (Price). Whitman’s feelings toward Lincoln ran deep; his sense of sadness over the death of Lincoln was profound (Price). After the war Whitman worked in the Office of Indian Affairs. Upon his supervisor’s discovering that he was the author of Leaves of Grass, he was summarily released. Friends [then] secured for Whitman a post at the attorney general’s office, where he remained until suffering the first of a series of strokes in 1873, which left him a partial invalid (Introduction). In March of 1892, Walt Whitman died in Camden, New Jersey. As Whitman’s life was nearing its end, his esteemed positions in literature and society were rising to the heights one finds them today: American public opinion was gradually swayed by new evidences that the invalid at Camden could command the respect of Alfred, Lord Tennyson, the poet Laureate, and many other famous British writers (Walt 2131).

Mans Ability to Adapt as Evidenced in To Sir With Love :: Movie Film comparison compare contrast

Man's Ability to Adapt as Evidenced in To Sir With Love    In the novel To Sir With Love various human characteristics are portrayed. Of these, the idea that humans are able to adapt and change their way of thinking seems to be demonstrated throughout the story. In the novel, both the teacher, Braithewaite, and his students end up going through many changes that ultimately result in their coming to change their way of thinking about each other. In life, as in this fictionalized account, the ability to adapt to the world around one's self is a very important trait. In my own life, this has occured on many occasions. Thus, it can be said that to be able to change and adapt ourselves and our ways at looking at things to our to our situations we are truly at advantage.   In the story, Braithewaite begins with a set of preconceived ideas about his students. He expects them to be unintelligent, rough, racially intolerant children with no future-hardly deserving of his respect. But, as he sees later, they are are the total opposites of his of his initial ideas. This is gradually shown through their actions, such as such as the students all going to visit the house of their black friend during his crisis, or their learning to treat each other with respect;they learned to address each other as their last names, inthe case of the boys, and "Miss", for the girls. For the students,they learned to respect and really learn from their teacher,something they had never cared to do before. Braithewaite helped them to break out of the the pattern of intolerance and roughness that society had placed them in. They began to respect themselves and then to respect others. In short, it was obvious that both the teacher and his students were able to adapt their way of thinking to their advantage;they did not get stuck in their original set of preconceived notions about each other. This is a key point of the novel, this idea that people can change their ways.   In my own experiences, I have ended up changing my ways as I have become wiser.

Charlie Chaplin’s “The Kid” and Rowan Atkinson’s “Mr. Bean” Essay

The most apparent similarity between these two films is that both films revolve around the daily lives of the main characters. The main characters, Charlie and Mr. bean, in The Kid and Mr. Bean – The Ultimate Disaster Movie respectively, both have child-like qualities, and the tendency to be rather mischievous. Mr. Bean is naive and self-centered, sometimes to the extent of becoming somewhat mean. Despite his considerable age, he still sleeps cuddled up with his teddy bear. Nothing is sacred to him, and he plays his games with an earnest sheepishness. His childish directness and honesty, while offensive at times, are his sharpest weapons. The little adventures he gets into usually revolve around the foibles of British life and the comedy of embarrassment. He is practically friend-less (save for his teddy bear), and is an outcast, just like Charlie, the main character of The Kid. Charlie is a tramp living in the slumps of South London who, while walking around one day, stumbles upon a crying baby that had been abandoned on a heap of garbage. Instead of ignoring the desperate cries of the infant or throwing it into the nearest sewer, he displays the more compassionate side of human nature by taking the baby with him and caring for it like a father. When the child is taken is away from him, he naturally gets very upset, and with a child-like recklessness, embarks on a journey to get him back, a process which includes pursuing the orphanage van over rooftops to descend into the back of the truck, then dispatching the official who had taken the child away. These two characters are also similar in their disregard for established values and the possible consequences of their actions. Their quaintness manifests itself in the unconventional way in which they analyze and then  try to make the best out of whatever situation they find themselves in, clearing obstacles and solving problems that come, â€Å"their way†, with a have a never-say-die attitude in their attempts to somehow belong to the society. Both films, being formalistic, reflect the condition of the society at the particular point of time it was made; these â€Å"raw materials† have been slightly distorted, with symbolism and visual exaggeration being used to bring out the core messages their creators aimed to convey to the viewers, while giving the films a comic effect. As Mr. Bean – The Ultimate Disaster Movie was a more recent film – The Kid was made several decades prior to it; the technology available to the creators of each film differed greatly. At the time of The Kid’s production, a thing such as colour television was not heard of and sound had not yet been introduced into the production of films; The Kid was a silent, black-and-white film while Mr. Bean – The Ultimate Disaster Movie was one with colour, sound, and certain special effects such as having its main character, Mr. Bean, falling from the sky as the credits rolled. It would be impossible to create such effects in Charlie Chaplin’s time. Also due to the different eras in which these films were made, the scenario of each plot also differed. In the case of The Kid, it was a film made in the era of the Great Depression and the aftermath of World War 1, and with the twin themes of emotional loss and homelessness being haunting motifs in its plot, it is a poignant social commentary – of the displaced refugee children of World War 1, and for the persons grieving for loved ones whose lives were sacrificed in that war. The opening title, â€Å"A comedy with a smile–and perhaps a tear†, sums it up. This film addressed social and political issues of the day, and that was an admirable feat in itself considering the fact that this film did not have the advantage of synchronized sound for dialogue nor colour for its images. Mr. Bean – The Ultimate Disaster Movie, on the other hand, has its plot based on a much lighter theme. It generally pokes harmless fun at the ‘rigid’ and ‘uptight’ stereotype we have of Englishmen by first depicting a typical Englishman, Mr. Bean himself, in a typically ‘English’ environment, then later putting  him in an ‘international’ environment. Being release in 1997 it is a light-hearted satire of how the more conservative English society reacts to and attempt to adapt to rapidly changing international standards and the shifts in power. The main difference of these two movies is that The Kid aims to bring some cheer to its audiences’ hearts by showing how joy can still be found in the gloomiest conditions (as depicted in the daily lives of Charlie and the child he has adopted) and also to reflect the state of the society while Mr. Bean – The Ultimate Disaster Movie seeks to bring some comic relief into the highly stressful lifestyle of the modern-day individual, by actually letting them laugh at a highly exaggerated, and therefore comic, version of ‘themselves’. As mentioned earlier, the era in which Charlie Chaplin’s The Kid was made did not allow for colour or sound to be incorporated into its production. Being disadvantaged in this area, the actors in the film had to make up for it by emphasizing on facial expressions and body movements, in order to express thoughts and emotions, and also to portray certain unique mannerisms and character traits of the various characters in the story. Modern-day audiences who are unaccustomed to this form of acting might feel uncomfortable viewing films from the silent era, because the actors may seem to them, to be over-acting to an outrageous degree. However, it is also due to the same reason as to why silent movies tend to be more popular than modern-day comedy as overacting is a natural form of comedy. One example would be the fight scene in which Charlie defends the child from the Bully. The moves require both grace and precise comic-timing; Chaplin’s talent was apparent in this scene as he manages to make even a brawl seem funny without the use of colour, sound or special effects. Title were also edited to clarify the on-screen situation to the viewers or add critical dialogue when there was an absolute need to. As for Mr. Bean – The Ultimate Disaster Movie, dialogue is being kept to a minimum. The creators of this movie probably wanted the focus of the viewers’ attention to be Mr. Bean’s immature, self-centered, and sometimes  outright mean persona and how these character traits of his actively contribute to the various sticky situations he often finds himself in. The dialogue in this film is mainly used to depict his mood or immediate response to certain occurrences, and from that, the viewers form a deeper impression of his character. Dialogue is seldom used to make known to the audience the plans the characters has in mind to tackle his problems. Mr. Bean almost always executes his impractical ideas and solutions immediately after he is faced with the problem. This deliberate lack of dialogue somehow suggests the unwillingness to share ideas, the impulsiveness to carry out ideas without consultation, and the complete disregard for the welfare and feelings of others that will be affected by his actions. Suitable sound effects were used to further enhance the various moods of the scenes and these sounds also give viewers a clue of the magnitude and severity of the situation Mr. Bean has once again landed himself in. Both films make use of physical comedy extensively to bring out the comic aspects of their respective characters. The signature â€Å"French-kick† displayed by Charlie when he was with the child was one example. Throughout the movie The Kid, this â€Å"French-kick† motion of Charlie’s is being executed frequently; other actions of this sort are often employed to enhance the overall comic aspect of the movie. In Mr. Bean – The Ultimate Disaster Movie, the use of physical comedy was also evident throughout the entire show, with Mr. Bean trying to resolve his perpetually unceasing string of problems with a clumsy and impractical style of doing so, a style that is typically his. The characters in The Kid had to endure poverty, homelessness, and extreme loneliness; they are exposed to the harsher aspect of life. Mr. Bean, however, had a job and a decent place to live in; the only unhappy moments he ever experiences are when his plans backfire. These moments of unhappiness are very short-lived. Therefore the characters in Chaplin’s film definitely possessed more emotional depth than those in Rowan Atkinson’s movie. Bibliography *http://www.dvdreview.com/fullreviews/bean.shtml *http://www.american.edu/academic.depts/soc/run.html *http://indigo.ie/~obrienh/bean.htm *http://www.american.edu/academic.depts/soc/kid.html *http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/1921_in_film *http://wso.williams.edu/~dgerstei/chaplin/charlie-the-kid.html *http://math.gc.cuny.edu/Charlie_Chaplin_bio.html *http://www.gltech.org/Death%20of%20a%20Salesman/Dramatic%20Terms.htm *http://www.tvguide.com/movies/database/ShowMovie.asp?MI=38984 *http://www.moviesunlimited.com/musite/product.asp?sku=043041 *http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_film *http://guweb2.gonzaga.edu/faculty/wheeler/lit_terms_Q-Z.html#lit.terms.S.Anchor *http://www.epinions.com/content_29557624452 *http://www.historychannel.com/cgi-bin/frameit.cgi?p=http%3A//www.historychann

The Industrial Revolution and Romanticism

The Industrial Revolution and the Romantic Spirit The Industrial Revolution refers to a series of significant shifts in traditional practices of agriculture, manufacturing, and transportation, as well as the development of new mechanical technologies that took place between the late 18th and 19th centuries in much of the Western world. During this time, the United Kingdom, as well as the rest of Europe and the United States soon after, underwent drastic socio-economic and cultural changes during this time.These changes in part gave rise to the English Romantic spirit, especially in the United Kingdom. During the late 18th century, the United Kingdom's economic system of manual and animal based labor shifted toward a system of machine manufacturing while more readily navigable roads, canals, and railroads for trade began to develop. Steam power underpinned the dramatic increase in production capacity, as did the rather sudden development of metal tools and complex machines for manufac turing purposes.The Industrial Revolution had a profound effect upon society in the United Kingdom. It gave rise to the working and middle classes and allowed them to overcome the long-standing economic oppression that they had endured for centuries beneath the gentry and nobility. However, while employment opportunities increased for common working people throughout the country and members of the middle class were able to become business owners more easily, the conditions workers often labored under were brutal.Further, many of them were barely able to live off of the wages they earned. During this time, the industrial factory was created (which, in turn, gave rise to the modern city). Conditions within these factories were often dirty and, by today's standards, unethical: children were frequently used and abused for labor purposes and long hours were required for work. A group of people in the United Kingdom now as the Ululated felt that industrialization was ultimately inhumane a nd took to protesting and sometimes sabotaging industrial machines and factories.While industrialization led to incredible technological developments throughout the Western world, many historians now argue that industrialization also caused severe reductions in living standards for workers both within the United Kingdom and throughout the rest of the industrialized Western world. However, the new middle and working classes that industrialism had established led to arbitration throughout industrial cultures, drastic population increases, and the introduction of relatively new economic system known as capitalism.The Romantic Movement developed in the United Kingdom in the wake of, and in some measure as a response to, the Industrial Revolution. Many English intellectuals and artists in the early 19th century considered industrialism inhumane and unnatural and revolted?sometimes quite violently?against what they felt to be the increasingly inhumane and unnatural mechanization of modern life. Poets such as Lord Byron (particular in his addresses to the House of Lords) and William Blake (most notably in his poem â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper†) spoke out?and wrote extensively bout?the psychological and social affects of the Sailor URL: http://www. Layer. Org/ courses/engaged/ The Sailor Foundation Sailor. Org Page 1 of 2 newly industrial world upon the individual and felt rampant industrialization to be entirely counter to the human spirit and intrinsic rights of men. Many English Romantic intellectuals and artists felt that the modern industrial world was harsh and deadening to the senses and spirit and called for a return, both in life and in spirit, to the emotional and natural, as well as the ideals of the pre-industrial past. Sailor URL: http://www. Sailor. Org/courses/engaged/ Page 2 of 2

The European Overseas Empires - Overview

The European Overseas Empires - Overview Europe is a relatively small continent, especially compared to Asia or Africa, but during the last five hundred years, European countries have controlled a huge part of the world, including almost all of Africa and the Americas. The nature of this control varied, from the benign to the genocidal, and the reasons also differed, from country to country, from era to era, from simple greed to ideologies of racial and moral superiority such as The White Mans Burden. They are almost gone now, swept away in a political and moral awakening over the last century, but the after-effects spark a different news story almost every week. A Desire to Find New Trade Routes Inspired Exploration There are two approaches to the study of the European Empires. The first is straightforward history: what happened, who did it, why they did it, and what effect this had, a narrative and analysis of politics, economics, culture, and society. The overseas empires began to form in the fifteenth century. Developments in shipbuilding and navigation, which allowed sailors to travel across the open seas with much greater success, coupled with advances in maths, astronomy, cartography, and printing, all of which allowed better knowledge to be more widely spread, gave Europe the potential to extend over the world. Pressure on land from the encroaching Ottoman Empire and a desire to find new trade routes through to the well-known Asian markets- the old routes being dominated by Ottomans and Venetians- gave Europe the push- that and the human desire to explore. Some sailors tried going around the bottom of Africa and up past India, others tried going across the Atlantic. Indeed, the vast majority of sailors who made western voyages of discovery were actually after alternative routes to Asia- the new American continent in between was something of a surprise. Colonialism and Imperialism If the first approach is the sort you will encounter mainly in history textbooks, the second is something youll encounter on the television and in the newspapers: the study of colonialism, imperialism, and the debate over the effects of empire. As with most isms, there is still an argument over exactly what we mean by the terms. Do we mean them to describe what the European nations did? Do we mean them to describe a political idea, which we will compare to Europes actions? Are we using them as retroactive terms, or did people at the time recognize them and act accordingly? This is just scratching the surface of the debate over imperialism, a term thrown around regularly by modern political blogs and commentators. Running alongside this is the judgmental analysis of the European Empires. The last decade has seen the established view- that the Empires were undemocratic, racist and thus bad- challenged by a new group of analysts who argue that the Empires actually did a lot of good. The democratic success of America, albeit achieved without much help from England, is frequently mentioned, as are the ethnic conflicts in African nations created by Europeans drawing straight lines on maps. Three Phases of Expansion There are three general phases in the history of Europes colonial expansion, all including wars of ownership between the Europeans and indigenous people, as well as between the Europeans themselves. The first age, which began in the fifteenth century and carried on into the nineteenth, is characterized by the conquest, settlement, and loss of America, the south of which was almost entirely divided between Spain and Portugal, and the north of which was dominated by France and England. However, England won wars against the French and Dutch before losing to their old colonists, who formed the United States; England retained only Canada. In the south, similar conflicts occurred, with the European nations being almost thrown out by the 1820s. During the same  period,  European nations also gained influence in Africa, India, Asia, and Australasia (England  colonized  the whole of Australia), especially the many islands and landmasses along the trading routes. This influence only increased during the nineteenth and early twentieth century, when  Britain, in particular, conquered India. However, this second phase is  characterized by the New Imperialism, a renewed interest and desire for overseas land felt by many European nations which prompted The Scramble for Africa, a race by many European countries to carve up the entirety of Africa between themselves. By 1914, only Liberia and  Abysinnia  remained independent. In 1914, the First World War began, a conflict partly motivated by imperial ambition. The consequent changes  in  Europe and the world eroded many beliefs in Imperialism, a trend enhanced by the Second World War. After 1914, the history of the European Empires- a third phase- is one of gradual  decolonization  and independence, with the vast majority of empires ceasing to exist. Given that European colonialism/imperialism affected the whole world, it is common to discuss some of the other rapidly expanding nations of the period as a comparison, in  particular, the United States and their ideology of manifest destiny. Two older empires are sometimes considered: the Asian part of Russia and the Ottoman Empire. The Early Imperial Nations England, France, Portugal, Spain, Denmark, and the Netherlands. The Later Imperial Nations England, France, Portugal, Spain, Denmark, Belgium, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands.

A Review Of TVs Motor Company

A Review Of TVs Motor Company What exactly is marketing and why is it important to you as an entrepreneur? Simply stated, marketing is everything you do to place your product or service in the hands of potential customers. It includes diverse disciplines like sales, public relations, pricing, packaging, and distribution. In order to distinguish marketing from other related professional services, S.H. Simmons, author and humorist, relates this anecdote. Marketing is your strategy for allocating resources (time and money) in order to achieve your objectives (a fair profit for supplying a good product or service). Though it may feel counter-intuitive, marketing doesn’t begin with a great idea or a unique product. It begins with customers — those people who want or need your product and will actually buy it. People have their own unique perceptions of the world based on their belief system. The most innovative ideas, the greatest products, or a superior service succeed only when you market within the c ontext of people’s perceptions. Context can be many things, singly or simultaneously. To name a few, you may market to your customers within the context of their wants, needs, problems solved, or situation improved. Entrepreneurs need to be aware of many other contexts, such as social and economic trends or governmental regulations, which we’ll discuss another time. People don’t just â€Å"buy† a product. They â€Å"buy† the concept of what that product will do for them, or help them do for themselves. People who are overweight don’t join a franchise diet center to eat pre-packaged micro-meals. They â€Å"buy† the concept of a new, thin, happy and successful self. Without a plan, your entrepreneurial dream is really wishful thinking. While a marketing plan can be a map for success, remember that the map is not the territory. A strategy that ignores the customer isn’t an accurate reflection of the landscape. A good marketing pla n can help you focus your energy and resources. But a plan created in a vacuum, based solely on your perceptions, does not advance the agenda. That’s why market research, however simple or sophisticated, is important. Introduction TVS Group TVS Group is one of India’s oldest business groups. It is a giant conglomerate with presence in diverse fields like automotive component manufacturing, automotive dealerships and electronics. Today, there are over thirty companies in the TVS Group, employing more than 40,000 people worldwide and with a turnover in excess of USD 2.2 billion. TVS Motor Company is the third largest two-wheeler manufacturer in India and one among the top ten in the world, with annual turnover of more than USD 1 billion in 2006-2007, and is the flagship company of the USD 4 billion TVS Group. A bike for anyone TVS Motor currently manufactures a wide range of two-wheelers from mopeds to racing inspired motorcycles. Motorcycles (TVS Apache, TVS Star, TVS Flame) Variomatic Scooters (TVS Scooty Pep +, TVS Scooty Teenz) and Mopeds (TVS XL Super, TVS XL Heavy Duty) TVS Motor Company – Vision We are committed to being a highly profitable, socially responsible, and leading manufacturer of high value for money, environmentally friendly, lifetime personal transportation products under the TVS brand, for customers predominantly in Asian markets and to provide fulfilment and prosperity for employees, dealers and suppliers.

Research Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Research Assignment - Essay Example The commerce groups are Mobile Phones, Multimedia, Enterprise Solutions and Networks. The straight groups are Customer and Marketing Operations and Technology Platforms. The Nokia mobiles are intended to tender a wide variety of business users elastic access to Oracle Collaboration Suite, via text message, browser, or over-the-air harmonization of calendar and speak to in rank. The effect is endeavor mobility that is both influential and reasonable, enabling IT departments to offer omnipresent admittance to in sequence athwart their organization The prospect of the wireless manufacturing is predicated on the release and management of value-added services. According to this group research the market for these services is huge, with destructive marketing campaigns positioning mobile multimedia contented at the heart of today's way of life. For expediency the term Service Delivery Platform (NOKIA) is used as a method of referring to the structural design that is necessary to transport these services (Coakes, , pp3-12). Regrettably, there is no normal meaning for the term, or the components that constitute an NOKIA. For instance, the word implies that there is a solitary system a hardware/ software platform that addresses all the technical and commerce issues. This imprecision allows vendors to offer 'solutions' that speak to person market segments while still promoting their answer as an NOKIA. It is too late to alter the expressions, ... This imprecision allows vendors to offer 'solutions' that speak to person market segments while still promoting their answer as an NOKIA. It is too late to alter the expressions, but we can employ a enhanced set of definitions. Nokia's NOKIA hallucination is based on the definitions anticipated by the Moriana Group, namely: An NOKIA provides a total bionetwork for the speedy deployment, provisioning, capital punishment, management and billing of assessment added services. An NOKIA supports the liberation of voice and data services and at ease in a way that is jointly network and device-independent. An NOKIA aggregates dissimilar network capabilities and services as well as dissimilar sources of contented and allows application developers to access them in a uniform and consistent way (Beers, M. 2003, pp43-57). In the past the NOKIA thought has been principally listening carefully on the IT infrastructure necessary to transport and administer the overhaul environment, with the fundamental network merely as long as the crossing point and release machinery. Nevertheless, in the new developing NOKIA world these boundaries among IT and network environments are amalgamation, thus generating the need for a new end-to-end architectural observation spanning the absolute service release environment. In exacting the subsequent new challenges require to be addressed: This group research study recognizes the present limitations of NOKIA as a term as well as the significance of the notion, i.e. the require to facilitate the growth and completion of value-added services. That procedure is careful from a business viewpoint and it is visualized

The Virgin Komi Forests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Virgin Komi Forests - Essay Example However, there are a number of threats to the Forests, including illegal logging and gold-mining, which could cause irreversible damage to the area and the loss of species. This paper aims to illustrate the natural diversity of the area to convince you to provide money for the support of conservation programs in the Virgin Komi Forests. The Diversity of Life As previously mentioned, the Virgin Komi Forests are an incredibly large virgin forest, and encompass a number of important and iconic species. The grey wolf (Canis lupus) inhabits the area, and was once the world’s most widely distributed mammal but is now extinct in a number of areas. Most significantly, the grey wolf used to inhabit a huge amount of territory in Europe, and thus a safe ecological zone within Europe may be of great benefit in protecting this species. The wolverine (Gulo gulo) is also present in the Virgin Komi Forests. Although the wolverine is classified as ‘least concern’ by the IUCN Red L ist, this may be in part due to the fact that it is still common in North America. In Europe, however, trapping and habitat fragmentation have reduced the range of the wolverine and they are now absent in many of the areas in which they were once present. Again, a European protection area for this animal may be of great benefit (Bobretsov & Yakushev, 2008). Although these species are important, there are a number of further species which are classified as rare or endangered by the IUCN Red List. The Ural Mountain anemone species Anemone uralensis is also under threat in the area, mostly because of flooding and human agricultural efforts. The artic sorrel plant is also declining in the area, in part because of its use in Russian soups and in part because of the changing environment of the Forests. The Ecology of the Forests The aforementioned wolverine and grey wolf are just two of the important animals in the area, both of which have been greatly affected by the habitat fragmentatio n common in other parts of Europe. Protection of the Virgin Komi Forests should, therefore, not just focus on saving this creatures but the habitat in which they live, including a number of tree species which are necessary for their livelihood. The black woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) is an example of a bird species in the area. These birds rely on tree species in the Virgin Komi Forests, such as the fir (Abies sibirica) and the Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) for their nesting sites and food (Kuuluvainen, Syrjanen & Kalliola, 1998). The black woodpecker also plays an additional ecological role, in that they abandon the holes they have made in the tree bark, which can then become important nesting sites for the smaller birds in the area. The Eurasian beaver (Castor fiber) is also found in the Virgin Komi Forests. Beaver species are often important keystone species within their environment for a number of reasons. Firstly, beavers are involved in the creation of wetlands which can he lp to increase biodiversity, as well as providing a suitable habitat for other species. Beavers are also involved in tree coppicing, which again alters the natural habitat and provides tree cover for other species. Finally, beavers also play in important role in protecting fish species because their dams trap sediment and improve water quality (Gawthrop, 1999). Although the Eurasian beaver is of

Critical Analysis of Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical Analysis of Research - Essay Example This document explores in detail, the purpose of the research, the techniques used in data collection and data analysis, findings of the research, the limitations of the study and finally gives the conclusion of the research. The document starts by giving an introduction to the study. In the introduction, the study provides a definition of power and then explores the various dimensions of power as brought out by different studies in the past. The document then explains how the research was conducted. It includes the qualifications and originality of the original researcher involved in the study and the methods of data collection and analysis. The document then goes ahead to give a detailed account of the findings of the study in relation to the three dimensions of power. The paper finally gives the limitations of the study and finally gives a clear conclusion from the study. Like any other study conducted before, this study has its strengths, weaknesses and assumptions that character ize it. These strengths and weaknesses manifest in the various stages of the study as outlined. In the introduction, the document gives a clear definition of terms as used in the study to enable any reader to understand the material as intended. It also provides a historical background of the study of the various dimensions of power, outlines the three aspects of power and how they manifest in society in general. It then gives a description of the different modes of public participation to prepare the reader for the case studies that form the backbone of the study (Culley & Hughey 2008: 100). The study uses a variety of techniques to collect the data required for the study. It is a major strength of the study since it is easy to determine the consistency of the obtained data from the various sources before making a meaningful conclusion. Interview was one of the methods of data collection

Physiology of Athletes

Physiology of Athletes Extended Response 1 This is fun run is effective as it incorporates factors affecting performance.   The two competitors which participated in the long distance (14km) fun run must have used the dominant energy system which is the Aerobic Energy System even though in the certain parts of the event the ATP energy system could have been used.   The aerobic system is initiated during continuous activity and the body is then able to provide oxygen to the working muscles. The presence of oxygen allows the muscle glycogen to be broken down to form ATP, this overall process is the aerobic glycolysis. The sources of fuel for the aerobic system are carbohydrates which are broken down into glucose are either used or stored as muscle glycogen and/or the liver, fat can also be used over long periods once the glycogen fuels deplete. Compared to the ATP/PC system the production of ATP for the Aerobic System is the slowest but the most efficient , it utilises oxygen to metabolise muscle and liver glycogen as well as blood glucose and fatty acids. The duration is technically unlimited depending on the intensity and availability of oxygen, the cause of fatigue is the continuous use and depletion   of blood glucose, muscle glycogen, or fatty acids. The by-products of energy production in the aerobic energy system is water, carbon dioxide (CO2) and heat. The aerobic system takes the longest time to recovery and depending on the intensity of the activity it takes approximately 24 hours to replenish the energy stores. The two athletes must have had different physiological adaptations due to the huge difference in times as the faster athlete finished in 48 min while the slower athlete finished in 85 min. These adaptations include resting heart rate which is the minimum number of heart beats required to maintain body function at rest, in response to training the resting heart rate decreases as aerobic fitness improves because of the increased efficiency of the cardio respiratory system   meaning the heart does not need to work as hard. Other adaptations include stroke volume and cardiac output which refer to the amount of blood pumped via the left ventricle in each contraction and the amount of blood pumped each minute , in response to training the heart size will increase especially the ventricles making it possible for more powerful contractions and more blood to be discharged every contraction. A high intensity activity will need more blood meaning higher stroke volume, this is one of the factors that clarify why the competitor finished faster than the other as the trained athlete has a higher stroke volume compared to an untrained athlete.   The cardiac output also becomes more efficient as the heart rate adjusts to the body meeting the blood demands, it is proportional to stroke volume. Oxygen uptake and lung capacity are physiological adaptations, oxygen uptake (VO2 max) is the absorption and utilisation of oxygen by muscles at certain intensity, lung capacity is the amount of air that can be held within the lungs during a breadth. In response to training vital capacity increases slightly while the residual volume slightly decreases, but the total lung capacity does not change unless maximal effort activities are undertaken. Haemoglobin level is the amount of red blood cells (oxygen carriers) this is also a physiological adaptation, in response to training the haemoglobin level increases meaning the red blood cells can carry more oxygen making the athlete perform high intensity activities. Due to training another physiological adaptation that can occur is the reduction of blood pressure in the body due to the result of extensive training, blood pressure is the term used to describe the pressure of blood in the inner artery walls. Looking at all the stated physiological adaptations by the help of aerobic exercise it is clear that the faster athlete has trained extensively using a proper training program, by doing so this athletes long term body response due to the training is enhancing his ability in completing the 14km fun run faster than the slower athlete. Extended Response 2 Athletes using supplementation is often debated on the basis of how effective it is. The reason why athletes use supplements is to help the athlete achieve their nutritional needs and goals especially during competition and training. The main supplements used by athletes include vitamins, minerals, caffeine, protein supplements and creatine supplements. The point of taking vitamin supplements is to help the body release energy from food, the energy that is released is then incorporated in tissue rebuilding and metabolic regulation. The advantage of taking vitamins is that through taking antioxidants (vitamin C, E and beta-carotene) it can de-stress the athletes. The disadvantage is that if an athlete takes vitamins in high dosage it could have detrimental effects (excessive consumption if vitamin A can cause fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea and skin dryness) and in general it does not affect performance. Vitamins do not affect sports directly. By taking mineral supplements performance is maintained as the body function is regulated. The consumption of iron supplements reduce the effects of sports anaemia and the use of calcium maintains the quality of bones. Minerals are mostly used in sports to make sure the athlete performs at their peak. Protein is the supplement responsible for growth, repair and maintenance of body tissue and in most cases while performing extreme level activity can act as a energy source. Protein can repair deficient muscles, but in excess use it can contain carcinogenic additives while protein seen to be very useful it has not directly related to sport. Caffeine is an ergogenic aid which has a positive impact on metabolic processes and it is also affects the aerobic/anaerobic performance due it being a stimulant having an effect on the cognitive processes helping the alertness of an athlete. Caffeine is helpful for endurance athletes (marathon runners) due to the free fatty acids which are used on working muscles converted from fat stores and it also advocates glycogen sparing. Working muscles that use ATP-PC can derive energy through creatine supplementation. Creatine supplements helps an athlete achieve muscle hypertrophy and improves ATP resynthesis and recovery time, but if overdosed the chances of contracting renal disease and getting muscle cramps increases. Creatine supplements focuses on weightlifters and also sprinters as with it use gives explosive movements. There is a lot of evidence pursuing for the use of supplements for improved performance. This evidence includes that it can help specific athletes either who are vegetarians that lack calcium or iron in their diets or females to prevent osteoporosis later in life they may need the consumption of more calcium meeting their nutritional goals having an indirect performance enhancement. Direct performance enhancement can be achieved through the correct use of supplements, caffeine assists in fat metabolism in endurance events and improves cognitive processes, protein can be taken by strength athletes and endurance athletes due to the intensity of the activity, creatine easily allows muscle hypertrophy to be achieved and it also improves the recovery time and ATP resynthesis. Another piece of evidence is that it provide the athlete with a psychological boost improving performance (placebo effect). The use of supplements can also meet the nutritional goals of an athlete such who has defici encies (mineral/vitamin), the difference in food when travelling to a different country and not being able to maintain normal eating schedule. There is also a lot of evidence voting against the use of supplements for improved performance. Evidence includes that it may have side effects through excessive use; vitamins can cause joint and muscle pain, nausea, headaches ; creatine can cause increase chance of renal disease and muscle cramps; protein is a contributor to obesity due to the unused protein being stored as fat and can also cause renal problems. Other side effects that have an effect on performance is when consuming creatine it can cause unnecessary weight-gain creating a problem for weight based sports e.g. boxing, protein can contain carcinogenic additives and caffeine can cause a diuretic effect increasing the rate of dehydration. Another piece of evidence against supplementation is that if the body is in excess the expensive capsules/powders consumed are excreted. Creatine also cause contamination as it may contain banned substances (banned by anti-doping agencies). With the constant use of supplements the costs focused on training, equipment and diet needs shifts to the supplements causing a finance problem. For an elite sports athlete having a balanced with adequate amounts of protein, a natural source of creatine and eating foods that contain what the supplements contain sufficiently   makes the use of supplementation unnecessary however if due to certain circumstances cannot keep to the balanced diet they may turn to supplements as a short-term assistor.